Phylogeographic affinities, distribution and population status of the non-native Asian pond mussels Sinanodonta lauta and S. woodiana in Kazakhstan

Alexander V Kondakov,Mikhail V Kabakov,Ivan N Bolotov,Ekaterina S Konopleva,Ilya V Vikhrev,Mikhail Yu Gofarov,Maxim V Vinarski,Yulia V Bespalaya,Alena A Tomilova

doi:10.37828/em.2020.27.3

Alexander V Kondakov, Mikhail V Kabakov + Show 7 more

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https://doi.org/10.37828/em.2020.27.3

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Here, we present an integrative review of the non-native Sinanodonta spp. from Kazakhstan based on molecular and morphological data. Sinanodonta woodiana (Lea, 1834) inhabits the Syr Darya River, while two species, S. woodiana and S. lauta (Martens, 1877), have established viable populations in the Ili River basin, a tributary of the Balkhash Lake. The latter species was probably introduced in 1961-1971 from the Sungari River, a Chinese tributary of the Amur River. A distribution map of the two Sinanodonta species spreading in Middle Asia is provided. In Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan, these species were recorded from endorheic drainages limiting their native expansion throughout the region, although further human-mediated dispersal events are expected. There are no reliable records of these alien freshwater mussels from Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, and Turkmenistan. Our study highlight that Sinanodonta lauta represents one more invasive lineage of the Asian pond mussels and that this East Asian species can successfully colonize plain water bodies of inland desert areas such as Middle Asia.

Highlights

The Asian pond mussel Sinanodonta woodiana (Lea, 1834) represents a complex of several cryptic species, whose native range spreads throughout East Asia from the Russian Far East, China and Japan to Vietnam (Bolotov et al 2016; Kondakov et al 2018; Konečný et al 2018)
It was shown that the temperate invasive lineage of Sinanodonta woodiana reveals a broader host range and faster glochidial development than those of native freshwater mussels in Europe (Huber and Geist 2019) and that this alien species may compete with native species for hosts and resources (Urbańska et al 2019)
We found that two Sinanodonta species, i.e. S. lauta and S. woodiana, have established viable populations in Kazakhstan (Table 1; Figs. 1-3)

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Introduction

The Asian pond mussel Sinanodonta woodiana (Lea, 1834) represents a complex of several cryptic species, whose native range spreads throughout East Asia from the Russian Far East, China and Japan to Vietnam (Bolotov et al 2016; Kondakov et al 2018; Konečný et al 2018). It was shown that the temperate invasive lineage of Sinanodonta woodiana reveals a broader host range and faster glochidial development than those of native freshwater mussels in Europe (Huber and Geist 2019) and that this alien species may compete with native species for hosts and resources (Urbańska et al 2019). The Balkhash Lake and the Ili River in Kazakhstan were a focus of multiple introduction events of fish and invertebrate species during the period of 1950s1970s (Abrosov 1973). We assume that Sinanodonta lauta was introduced with these fishes, and this freshwater mussel species was initially appeared at the Mynanaral Bay of Lake Balkhash (Abrosov 1973). This data indicates that a Sinanodonta species (probably S. lauta) has established an abundant non-native population in the Ili River delta at least since 1970. Sinanodonta specimens of 150 mm long were 6-7 years old (see Fig. 4) supporting the hypothesis that the possible dating of initial invasion is confined to as the early 1960s

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