Abstract
Canine parvovirus type 2 (CPV-2) has spread and mutated globally over the past 40 years. In the present study, 206 samples from dogs suspected of CPV-2 infection were collected from five veterinary clinics in Shanghai city, China. The average positive rate for CPV-2 was detected to be 40.78% using the PCR method. Using an F81 cell (feline kidney cell) culture, the isolates of three CPV-2c strains were obtained. The near full-length genome sequences of the isolates were determined and submitted to GenBank: CPV-SH2001 (MW650830), CPV-SH2002 (MW811188), and CPV-SH2003 (MW811189). By comparing the amino acid sequences of 12 CPV strains with those of 48 related strains retrieved from GenBank, all of the CPV strains from Shanghai were typed as belonging to a relatively new CPV-2c variant spreading in Asia, with typical amino acid residues (5Gly, 267Tyr, 324Ile, and 370Arg) in the VP2 protein. The divergence time of this new CPV-2c clade was estimated by the phylogenetic tree using the maximum likelihood and RelTime with Dated Tips (RTDT) approaches. Our results indicate that the 426 and 324 VP2 amino acid residues are under strong selection pressure with a posterior probability of 0.966 and 0.943, respectively. Therefore, this study provides insight into the phylogenetic characteristics of the current CPV-2c variant in Shanghai city, China.
Highlights
Canine parvovirus (CPV), which belongs to the genus Protoparvovirus, family Parvoviridae, emerged in 1978–1979 as the causative agent of a new enteric and myocardial disease in dogs and has sustained its spread globally [1,2,3,4]
The results show that the Canine parvovirus type 2 (CPV-2)-positive rate 161 among were collected from Shanghai, China
The results show that the CPV-2-positive rate among the pet clinics rangedranged from 17.07%
Summary
Canine parvovirus (CPV), which belongs to the genus Protoparvovirus, family Parvoviridae, emerged in 1978–1979 as the causative agent of a new enteric and myocardial disease in dogs and has sustained its spread globally [1,2,3,4]. Phylogenetic analysis shows that all CPV isolates descended from a single ancestor considered to be a change in the host range due to mutations in feline panleukopenia virus (FPV) [4,5]. CPV is a single-stranded DNA virus involving a genome with two open reading frames (ORFs). The first ORF encodes two non-structural proteins: NS1 and NS2. The second ORF encodes two structural (capsid) proteins: VP1 and VP2 [6]. The VP2 capsid protein is the major antigenic protein, with most nonsynonymous substitutions occurring in this region, which determines viral tissue tropism and host range [3,7]
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