Phylogenetic analysis of Newcastle disease viruses isolated from waterfowl in the upper midwest region of the United States.

Naresh Jindal,Martha de Abin,Patrick T Redig,Sagar M Goyal,Ashok K Chockalingam,Yogesh Chander

doi:10.1186/1743-422x-6-191

Naresh Jindal, Martha de Abin + Show 4 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.1186/1743-422x-6-191

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Journal: Virology journal	Publication Date: Nov 5, 2009
Citations: 80	License type: cc-by

Affiliation: University of Minnesota

Abstract

BackgroundThis study was conducted to characterize Newcastle disease virus (NDV) isolates obtained from waterfowl from the Upper Midwest region of the United States. A total of 43 NDVs were isolated by inoculation of cloacal samples in embryonated chicken eggs. These isolates were obtained from 24 mallards, seven American green-winged teals, six northern pintails, four blue-winged teals, and two wood ducks. Partial sequences of fusion gene were analyzed to determine the pathotypes and genotypes involved.ResultsDeduced amino acid sequence of the cleavage site of fusion (F) protein revealed that all isolates had avirulent motifs. Of the 43 isolates, 23 exhibited sequence motif of 111GGKQGRL117 at the cleavage site, 19 exhibited 111GEKQGRL117 while one isolate showed 111GERQGRL117. Phylogenetic analysis based on comparison with different classes of NDVs revealed that all 43 isolates clustered with class II NDVs and none with class I NDVs. Within class II, five isolates were phylogenetically close to genotype I NDVs while the remaining 38 were close to genotype II.ConclusionWe conclude that more than one genotype of NDV circulates in waterfowl in the Upper Midwest region of the US. Continuous surveillance may help better understand the epidemiology of NDVs maintained in wild bird populations and their relationship to NDVs in domestic poultry, if any.

Highlights

This study was conducted to characterize Newcastle disease virus (NDV) isolates obtained from waterfowl from the Upper Midwest region of the United States
BLAST analysis of partial sequences of F gene of NDV isolates confirmed their identity. These isolates were obtained from 24 mallards (MALL; Anas platyrhynchos), seven American green-winged teals (AGWT; Anas crecca), six northern pintails (NOPI; Anas acuta), four bluewinged teals (BWTE; Anas discors), and two wood ducks (WODU; Aix sponsa)
The fusion gene of virulent NDVs is characterized by the presence of a pair of dibasic amino acids at the cleavage site while in lentogenic strains it is characterized by the presence of monobasic amino acids

Summary

Introduction

This study was conducted to characterize Newcastle disease virus (NDV) isolates obtained from waterfowl from the Upper Midwest region of the United States. A total of 43 NDVs were isolated by inoculation of cloacal samples in embryonated chicken eggs. These isolates were obtained from 24 mallards, seven American green-winged teals, six northern pintails, four bluewinged teals, and two wood ducks. Avian paramyxoviruses (APMV) belong to genus Avulavirus in the family Paramyxoviridae. It has six genes that encode for a nucleoprotein (N), a phosphoprotein (P), a matrix protein (M), a fusion protein (F), an attachment protein called hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN), and a large polymerase protein (L) [1]. Nine serotypes of avian paramyxoviruses (APMV-1 to APMV-9) have been identified. APMV-1, called the Newcastle disease virus (NDV), is the causative agent of Newcastle disease (ND) in poultry. Based on genetic and antigenic analyses of NDV isolates, two major classes (class I and class II) are identified [2,3] and each class has nine genotypes (1-9 genotypes in class I and I-IX in class II) [4,5]

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