PHRASEOLOGICAL PERIPHRASES AND EXPANDED METAPHORS IN THE TEXTS OF CONTEMPORARY POLISH PROSE

Abstract

The aim of the article is to study the features of the structure, semantics and functioning of phraseological paraphrases and expanded metaphors in the texts of modern Polish fiction. The object of the study — phraseological periphrases and expanded metaphors as types of phraseological transformations, the subject — their structural-semantic and functional-pragmatic features. The result of the study is a thorough analysis of the textual implementation of 53 phraseological paraphrases and 44 expanded metaphors identified in Polish fiction, elucidation of the mechanisms of their creation, classification, definition of semantic changes in comparison with normative units, demonstration of functions in the text. It is concluded that paraphrasing the idiom and expanding the metaphor have different effects on the meaning of phraseological unit. In the case of phraseological periphrasis, the indication of phraseologism occurs through its structural elements, introduced into the context remotely, paraphrased or descriptively. Some phraseological periphrases are characterized by a shift of semantic accents, accompanied by a transition of logical emphasis from one sema of the denotative meaning of a stable phrase to another. Those periphrases in which the shift of semantic accents does not occur, preserve the traditional sequence and hierarchy of elements of the idiom’s internal form. The use of phraseological metaphors is conditioned by an attempt to convey as accurately as possible those language elements that cannot be expressed in traditional way. These transformations help to metaphorize the context, “exploiting” a blurred internal form in order to express an opinion in a way that best fits the author’s intent. Transformations that consist in the realization of an element of the internal form outside the phraseological unit usually do not modify the traditional meaning of idiom in any way. In the case of continuity or correctionof the situation underlying the internal form of the phraseological unit, the influence on the semantic structure is noticeable. The practical value of the research results is the creation of a classification of phraseological periphrases and expanded metaphors that contribute to the further study of these phenomena