Abstract
Photoactivation of cosmetic products and/or their ingredients may be associated with adverse skin reactions. Concerns have been raised regarding potential adverse health effects associated with the use of WEN by Chaz Dean (WCD) hair-cleansing conditioners, including alleged symptoms of redness, burning sensation, and irritation. The objective of this study was to use a validated phototoxicity test to evaluate the phototoxic potential of WCD hair-cleansing conditioners, and to demonstrate this assay’s applicability to personal care and cosmetic products. Balb/c 3T3 mouse fibroblast cells were exposed to the test articles for one hour. Following the incubation, one set of treated 3T3 cells were irradiated with 5 J/cm2 Solar Simulated Light (SSL), while a duplicate set of treated 3T3 cells were kept in the dark. After UV irradiation, cell viability was determined by neutral red uptake. The difference in cell viability between the SSL exposed and non-exposed 3T3 cells were used to determine the phototoxic potential of the test articles. Under the conditions tested, WCD hair-cleansing conditioners were not phototoxic, while the positive control was significantly phototoxic. Taken together, these results demonstrate that that the use of WCD hair-cleansing conditioners would not be expected to cause phototoxicity in consumers.
Highlights
A phototoxic reaction, known as photoirritation, is an acute light-induced, non-immunological skin response that occurs when a substance is applied to the body and subsequently elicits a toxic skin reaction after exposure to UV light
None of the WEN by Chaz Dean (WCD) hair-cleansing conditioners showed significant absorption in the UVA range of 315 nm to 400 nm or the UVB range of 280 nm to 315 nm
These results indicate that the WCD hair-cleansing conditioners are not photoreactive
Summary
A phototoxic reaction, known as photoirritation, is an acute light-induced, non-immunological skin response that occurs when a substance is applied to the body and subsequently elicits a toxic skin reaction after exposure to UV light. For a chemical to demonstrate phototoxicity, it must: (1) absorb light within the range of natural sunlight (290–700 nm), (2) generate reactive species following absorption of UV-visible light, and (3) be applied to or distribute to light-exposed tissues (e.g., skin) [1]. Ingredients commonly used in personal care and cosmetic products, such as essential oils, fragrance chemicals, and botanicals have been associated with phototoxic effects [4,5,6]. This is an area of rising interest, given the number of personal care and cosmetic products available on the market, as well as the number of personal care and cosmetic products applied per day [7]
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