Photoprotective Effects of Blue Light Absorbing Filter against LED Light Exposure on Human Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells In Vitro

Abstract

Abstract Background: Over the recent years, several researches have speculated about the effects of Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs) radiation on retinal epithelium cells (RPE). Worldwide, most people live exposed to LEDs irradiation incorporated in screens of PCs, phones and TV sets. These lights give rise to the formation of reactive oxygen species and induce mutagenic mechanisms which lead to apoptosis and consequently to degenerative eye diseases, such as age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Thus, it is a priority interest to develop appropriate solutions for the growing industry field of LED light phototoxicity. The aim of this study was to investigate the protective effects of blue light absorbing filters in order to decrease induced apoptosis on human retinal pigment epithelial cells. Methods: Human retinal pigment epithelial cells were exposed to 3 light-darkness (12 hours/12 hours) cycles of white (Ta5400°K), blue (468 nm), green (525 nm) and red (616 nm) LED light. Light irradiance was 5 mW/cm2. Oxidative stress was evaluated by H2DCFDA staining, mitochondrial membrane potential by TMRM staining, DNA damage by H2AX histone activation, apoptosis by caspase-3 activation, and cell viability by DAPI. Results: Our results have shown that the use of a blue light absorbing filter decreased cellular apoptosis by 56-89% and DNA damage by 57-81%. A decrease in ROS level production and an increase in cellular viability was also obtained. Conclusion: This study suggests that blue light absorbing filters may protect against LED lighting photo toxicity and, consequently, provides a photo protector effect.