Abstract
Ultraviolet-B (UVB) irradiation causes skin damage via deleterious effects including oxidative stress, inflammation, and collagen degradation. The photoprotective effects of a hyperoside-enriched fraction obtained from Houttuynia cordata Thunb. (H. cordata) on the attenuation of UVB-induced skin aging in human fibroblasts were investigated. The solvent-partition technique was used to establish the hyperoside-enriched fraction of H. cordata (HcEA). The active compounds identified in the H. cordata extracts were hyperoside, quercitrin, chlorogenic acid, and rutin. With regard to the photoprotective effects of H. cordata on UVB-irradiated dermal fibroblasts, HcEA and hyperoside inhibited intracellular ROS production and inflammatory cytokine secretions (IL-6 and IL-8), while increasing collagen type I synthesis along with downregulating MMP-1 gene and protein expressions. Mechanistically, the hyperoside-enriched fraction obtained from H. cordata inhibited UVB-irradiated skin aging through regulation of the MAPK signaling pathway by attenuating the activation of JNK/ERK/c-Jun in human dermal fibroblasts. The hyperoside-enriched fraction of H. cordata exerted potent anti-skin aging properties against UVB exposure. The findings of this study can be applied in the cosmetics industry, as H. cordata extract can potentially be used in pharmaceutical or cosmetic formulations as a photoprotective or anti-skin aging agent.
Highlights
Skin aging is a complex, multifactorial process resulting in functional and esthetic changes in the skin
UVA radiation has its negative effect on the epidermal keratinocytes and dermal fibroblasts and induces longterm changes, while the changes arising from UVB radiation cause visibly dramatic photoaging effects mainly within the epidermis and it penetrates the upper part of dermis which rather quite concerning in terms of skin aging characteristics [7]
The results indicate that H. cordata ethyl acetate fraction (HcEA) contained the highest total phenolic content (591.01 ± 7.11 mg of gallic acid equivalents/g extract), followed by H. cordata ethanolic extract (HcEE), Hc-H2 O, and H. cordata dichloromethane fraction (HcDM), respectively
Summary
Skin aging is a complex, multifactorial process resulting in functional and esthetic changes in the skin. UV radiation can damage telomeres and induce reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, thereby inducing cellular senescence These senescent cells secrete a specific set of pro-inflammatory mediators which can cause deep changes in tissue structure and function [3]. Based on UV physiological and biological effects, UV radiation can be further divided into three main bands—the 315–400 nm band (designated as UVA), the 280–315 nm band (designated as UVB), and the 100–280 nm band (designated as UVC) [4] It comprises only a small portion of the total UV radiation, UVB is thought to be more harmful than UVA, since UVB is most active in damaging the skin and can induce photochemical damage in cellular DNA and proteins [5,6]. Irradiation of UVB to the skin was found to cause adverse photochemical reactions including sunburn, inflammation, and DNA damage, which led to gene mutation and skin cancer development [9,10,11]
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