Abstract
Interferometric scattering microscopy is increasingly employed in biomedical research owing to its extraordinary capability of detecting nano-objects individually through their intrinsic elastic scattering. To significantly improve the signal-to-noise ratio without increasing illumination intensity, we developed photonic resonator interferometric scattering microscopy (PRISM) in which a dielectric photonic crystal (PC) resonator is utilized as the sample substrate. The scattered light is amplified by the PC through resonant near-field enhancement, which then interferes with the <1% transmitted light to create a large intensity contrast. Importantly, the scattered photons assume the wavevectors delineated by PC’s photonic band structure, resulting in the ability to utilize a non-immersion objective without significant loss at illumination density as low as 25 W cm−2. An analytical model of the scattering process is discussed, followed by demonstration of virus and protein detection. The results showcase the promise of nanophotonic surfaces in the development of resonance-enhanced interferometric microscopies.
Highlights
Interferometric scattering microscopy is increasingly employed in biomedical research owing to its extraordinary capability of detecting nano-objects individually through their intrinsic elastic scattering
For the transverse magnetic (TM) polarized plane wave at the wavelength λ0 = 63 nm, the corresponding modulation transfer function Hðkx; kyÞ is obtained as the theoretical photonic crystal (PC) transmittance in the wavevector domain (Fig. 1b)
When the PC is illuminated by the collimated beam at normal incidence (Γ-point),
Summary
Interferometric scattering microscopy is increasingly employed in biomedical research owing to its extraordinary capability of detecting nano-objects individually through their intrinsic elastic scattering. To significantly improve the signal-to-noise ratio without increasing illumination intensity, we developed photonic resonator interferometric scattering microscopy (PRISM) in which a dielectric photonic crystal (PC) resonator is utilized as the sample substrate. For noble metal nanoparticles, their contrast can be enhanced by exciting the localized surface plasmon as an alternative approach for enhanced excitation[12] In contrast to their plasmonic counterparts, nanostructured dielectric surfaces such as photonic crystals (PCs), can support a range of extraordinary optical properties without inherent material absorption loss[13]. We show that these combined characteristics of PCs yield a multifunctional platform for the implementation of interferometric scattering microscopy: the reference beam intensity can be significantly reduced by the photonic band edge, while the builtin optical resonances can be exploited to enhance light-matter interaction
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