Photolysis of natural β-triketonic herbicides in water

Abstract

The fate of four natural β-triketones (leptospermone, isoleptospermone, grandiflorone and flavesone, pKa = 4.0–4.5) in aqueous solution, in the dark and upon simulated solar light irradiation was investigated. In anionic form, β-triketones undergo slow dark oxidation and photolysis with polychromatic quantum yields varying from 1.2 × 10−4 to 3.7 × 10−4. Leptospermone and grandiflorone are the most photolabile compounds. In molecular form, β-triketones are rather volatile. Polychromatic quantum yields between 1.2 × 10−3 and 1.8 × 10−3 could be measured for leptospermone and grandiflorone. They are 3–5 times higher than for the anionic forms. Photooxidation on the carbon atom bearing the acidic hydrogen atom is the main oxidation reaction, common to all the β-triketones whatever their ionization state. However, leptospermone shows a special photoreactivity. In molecular form, it mainly undergoes photoisomerization. Based on this work, the half-lives of β-triketones in surface waters should be comprised between 7 and 23 days.