Photoelectrocatalytic Degradation of Congo Red Dye with Activated Hydrotalcites and Copper Anode

Abstract

Photoelectrocatalysis is a novel technique that combines heterogeneous photocatalysis with the application of an electric field to the system through electrodes for the degradation of organic contaminants in aqueous systems, mainly of toxic dyes. The efficiency of these combined processes depends on the semiconductor properties of the catalysts, as well as on the anodic capacity of the electrode. In this study, we propose the use of active hydrotalcites in the degradation of Congo red dye through processes assisted by ultraviolet (UV) irradiation and electric current. Our research focused on evaluating the degradation capacity of Congo red by means of photolysis, catalysis, photocatalysis, electrocatalysis, and photoelectrocatalysis, as well as identifying the effect of the properties of the active hydrotalcites in these processes. The results show that a maximum degradation was reached with the photoelectrocatalysis process with active hydrotalcites and a copper anode at 6 h with 95% in a half-life of 0.36 h. The degradation is favored by the attack of the OH• radicals under double bonds in the diazo groups where the electrode produces Cu2+ ions, and with the photogenerated electrons, the recombination speed of the electron–hole in the hydrotalcite catalyst is reduced until the complete degradation.