Abstract
Photocatalytic degradation of four non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) — salicylic acid, ibuprofen, naproxen and diclofenac in water has been investigated using a novel P25-TiO2/tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) film on glazed ceramic surface under a visible light incubator. Influences of main parameters, such as adsorption, stir, initial pH, amount of P25-TiO2/TEOS and irradiation time has been studied. Results show that the degradations of four NSAIDs obtained maximum and equilibrium effect within 10h of irradiation at pH 6.0 condition. The maximum degradation effects of salicylic acid, ibuprofen, naproxen and diclofenac under optimum conditions are 76%, 85%, 94% and 65%, respectively. The photocatalytic degradation reactions follow first order kinetics. Naproxen is selected as the representative to analyze the photocatalytic products, and a probable photocatalytic degradation pathway of naproxen is put forward. To support the degradation kinetics study a rapid, sensitive and accurate ultra performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC–MS/MS) method has been developed.
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