Photobiomodulation in recurrent aphthous stomatitis management using three different laser wavelengths. A randomized clinical trial.

Abstract

Recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS) is a common oral lesion with no definitive treatment; current therapies primarily focus on symptom relief. This study aims to address the lack of high-quality clinical research by evaluating the effectiveness of Photobiomodulation Therapy (PBMT) using GaAlAs 808nm, AlGaInp 660nm, and GaAs 635nm lasers for managing aphthous lesions. The study focuses on the lasers' effectiveness in reducing pain, accelerating healing, enhancing patient satisfaction, and preventing recurrence compared to a control group. A randomized controlled clinical study was conducted with 64 RAS patients, divided into four groups: 808nm laser, 660nm laser, 635nm laser, and a placebo. Pain severity, ulcer size, and erythema were evaluated at various time points before, immediately after, and several days post-treatment, while patient satisfaction and recurrence were assessed after one month. All laser groups significantly reduced pain intensity, ulcer size, and erythema, with the 808nm laser showing the most pronounced effects. Mean pain scores in the laser groups decreased to zero by day 7, whereas the control group had a slower reduction (p < 0.001). Ulcer size was significantly smaller in the 808nm group on days 3 and 7 (p < 0.05). Erythema was significantly reduced by day 7 (p < 0.05). The 808nm laser also resulted in the highest patient satisfaction, with no recurrences observed in any group. PBMT is an effective treatment for RAS, and the 808nm laser was the most effective wavelength used.