Abstract
The purpose of this study is to examine the capability of photoacoustic (PA) imaging (PAI) in assessing the unique molecular and architectural features in ocular tumors. A real-time PA and ultrasonography (US) parallel imaging system based on a research US platform was developed to examine retinoblastoma in mice in vivo and human retinoblastoma and uveal melanoma ex vivo. PA signals were generated by optical illumination at 720, 750, 800, 850, 900 and 950 nm delivered through a fiber optical bundle. The optical absorption spectra of the tumors were derived from the PA images. The optical absorption spectrum of each tumor was quantified by fitting to a polynomial model. The microscopic architectures of the tumors were quantified by frequency domain analysis of the PA signals. Both the optical spectral and architectural features agree with the histological findings of the tumors. The mouse and human retinoblastoma showed comparable total optical absorption spectra at a correlation of 0.95 (p<0.005). The quantitative PAI features of human retinoblastoma and uveal melanoma have shown statistically significant difference in two tailed t-tests (p<0.05). Fully compatible with the concurrent procedures, PAI could be a potential tool complementary to other diagnostic modalities for characterizing intraocular tumors.
Highlights
Intraocular tumors have relatively low incidence but could be life-threatening if not diagnosed or treated appropriately [1, 2]
The diagnosis of intraocular tumors mainly relies on the structural information and the clinical examination provided by non-invasive imaging technologies [3, 4]
The laser energy at the surface of the eye globes in all experiments was maintained below 20 mJ/cm2, which is the safety limit established by American National Standard Institute (ANSI)
Summary
Intraocular tumors have relatively low incidence but could be life-threatening if not diagnosed or treated appropriately [1, 2]. The diagnosis of intraocular tumors mainly relies on the structural information and the clinical examination provided by non-invasive imaging technologies [3, 4]. The current imaging techniques lack to provide any detail about the histopathologic structure or functional information. Ultrasound (US) imaging, optical coherence tomography and fluorescein angiography are most commonly used diagnostic tests. US, taking advantage of the acoustic transparency of biological tissues, provides information about the PLOS ONE | DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0170752. US, taking advantage of the acoustic transparency of biological tissues, provides information about the PLOS ONE | DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0170752 February 23, 2017
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