Photo-Electrochemical Sensing of Dopamine by a Novel Porous TiO₂ Array-Modified Screen-Printed Ti Electrode.

Francesco Tavella,Giovanni Neri,Salvatore Leonardi,Claudio Ampelli

doi:10.3390/s18103566

Abstract

In this paper, the development of a nanoporous TiO2 array-modified Ti electrode for photo-electrochemical (PEC) sensing of dopamine (DA) is reported. A porous TiO2 array-modified electrode was fabricated from the controlled anodic oxidation of a Ti working electrode of commercial screen-printed electrodes (SPE). The anodization process and the related morphological and microstructural transformation of the bare Ti electrode into a TiO2/Ti electrode was followed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and UV-visible reflectance spectroscopy (DR-UV-Vis). The modified electrode was irradiated with a low-power (120 mW) UV-Vis LED lamp (λ = 400 nm) and showed good performance for the detection of DA with a large linear response range, a sensitivity of 462 nA mM−1 cm−2, and a limit of detection of 20 µM. Moreover, it showed higher photocurrents in the presence of DA in comparison to some foreign species such as ascorbic acid, uric acid, glucose, K+, Na+, and Cl−. Thus, this proposed low-cost photo-electrochemical sensor, with the advantage of very simple fabrication, demonstrates potential applications for the determination of dopamine in real samples.

Highlights

The sensitive determination of biomolecules using electrochemical sensors based on nanostructured sensing materials has acquired high importance for disease diagnoses and drug screening [1,2]
One widely investigated subject in the field of electroanalysis is the determination of neurotransmitters [3,4]
It is vital to many neuronal functions like memory, learning, cognition, behaviour, attention, emotion, and movement

Summary

Introduction

The sensitive determination of biomolecules using electrochemical sensors based on nanostructured sensing materials has acquired high importance for disease diagnoses and drug screening [1,2]. In this respect, one widely investigated subject in the field of electroanalysis is the determination of neurotransmitters [3,4]. Abnormal responses of dopamine may cause several diseases like epilepsy, schizophrenia, and Parkinson’s disease [5]. This explains the huge investigative efforts deployed during the last three decades for the determination of dopamine

Methods

Results

Discussion

Conclusion