Abstract
The use of photo-based nanomedicine in imaging and therapy has grown rapidly. The property of light in converting its energy into different forms has been exploited in the fields of optical imaging (OI) and phototherapy (PT) for diagnostic and therapeutic applications. The development of nanotechnology offers numerous advantages to overcome the challenges of OI and PT. Accordingly, in this review, we shed light on common photosensitive agents (PSAs) used in OI and PT; these include fluorescent and bioluminescent PSAs for OI or PT agents for photodynamic therapy (PDT) and photothermal therapy (PTT). We also describe photo-based nanotechnology systems that can be used in photo-based diagnostics and therapies by using various polymeric systems.
Highlights
For the past several decades, many studies focused on eradicating cancer, one of the most dreaded diseases, have been reported that use new treatment modalities as well as conventional treatments, such as surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy [1]
Thedrug mostdelivery widely studied drug delivery systems based on nanoparticle technology are liposomes, polymers, and solid inorganic based on nanoparticle technology are liposomes, polymers, and solid inorganic we focus on nanomedicines
PT involving the irradiation of light for the treatment of diseases such as cancer can be broadly classified into two categories: photodynamic therapy (PDT) and photothermal therapy (PTT) [13,88]
Summary
For the past several decades, many studies focused on eradicating cancer, one of the most dreaded diseases, have been reported that use new treatment modalities as well as conventional treatments, such as surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy [1]. The advantages of nanotechnology, such as targetability, surface modification, popular research topics. The advantages of nanotechnology, such as targetability, surface modification, environmental responsiveness,and andeconomic economicpreparation, preparation,could couldpromote promotethe thedevelopment developmentofofinnovative innovative environmental responsiveness, drug delivery systems for cancer diagnosis and therapy at a molecular level, improving drug delivery systems for cancer diagnosis and therapy at a molecular level, improving treatment efficacyand andreducing reducingside sideeffects effects[19,20,21,22]. NPs be inducing activatedfluorescence by light, inducing fluorescence for molecules imaging orfor radical molecules temperature for photothermal therapy (PTT) NPs: nanoparticles; ROS: and use of photosensitive nanomedicine in (C) OI, (D) PTT, and (E) PDT.
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