Abstract
On an upland moor dominated by pioneer Calluna vulgaris and with an understorey of mosses and lichens, experimental plots were treated with factorial combinations of nitrogen (N) at +0 and +20 kg N ha −1 yr −1, and phosphorus (P) at +0 and +5 kg P ha −1 yr −1. Over the 4-year duration of the experiment, the cover of the Calluna canopy increased in density over time as part of normal phenological development. Moss cover increased initially in response to N addition but then remained static; increases in cover in response to P addition became stronger over time, eventually causing reductions in the cover of the dominant Calluna canopy. Lichen cover virtually disappeared within 4 years in plots receiving +20 kg N ha −1 yr −1 and also in separate plots receiving +10 kg N ha −1 yr −1, but this effect was reversed by the addition of P.
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