Abstract
The availability of phosphorus in the soil is a factor that directly interferes with its absorption by plants. This availability can be influenced by the texture, dose of the phosphate fertilizer and the time of contact with the soil. This study aimed to quantify the organic and inorganic fractions of P accumulated in a sandy soil receiving doses of phosphorus, incubated and grown with rice. The experimental design was a completely randomized design, in a 4 × 3 factorial scheme, with four replicates, and four P doses (0, 80, 240, and 410 mg dm-3) and three evaluation times (before sowing, after harvest, and incubated). Soil samples were collected before, after incubation, and after rice harvesting, and then submitted to a chemical fractionation of P. P fractions were influenced by soil collection times. The inorganic fractions prevailed before sowing and after incubation, and the organic fractions prevailed after harvest. Phosphate fertilization favored mineralization of organic P and redistributes the inorganic and organic P fractions, between labile and non-labile compartments. The application of phosphate fertilizer in an Entisol Quartzipsamment contributes to the accumulation of inorganic fractions, especially in the most labile fractions.
Highlights
Over the las few decades, agriculture has expanded extraordinarily in the region of Brazilian Cerrado
The soil inorganic P includes fractions extracted with resin (PRTA), bicarbonate (Pibic), sodium hydroxide (PiNaOH), and hydrochloric acid (PHCl)
Soil incubation favored the accumulation of the inorganic fractions extracted with NaHCO3, NaOH 0.1, NaOH 0.5, and HCl, indicating that the contact time of phosphate with the soil favors the conversion of the P released from the fertilizer to all P inorganic fractions (Figures 1B, 1C, 1D, and 1E)
Summary
Over the las few decades, agriculture has expanded extraordinarily in the region of Brazilian Cerrado. This expansion led to an increase in land occupation of sandy soils. Sandy soils have historically been considered marginal and with low agricultural capability, but with the possibility of adopting new management technologies advocated by sustainable production systems. These soils have started to attract a greater economic interest on the part of the farmers (Kluthcouski & Cordeiro, 2016). The main class of sandy soils in Brazil is Entisol Quartzipsamment, which occupies 11% of the country’s territory (Spera, Reatto, Martins, Correia, & Cunha, 1999). Its clay content is of less than 20% and the minimum sand content is 50%, which makes it susceptible to water erosion and nutrient losses due to leaching, since it has low water retention capacity, high percolation, and water infiltration rates, besides low cation exchange capacity (CEC), low natural fertility, low pH, high aluminum content, and low organic matter content
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