Phospholipase Dδ is involved in nitric oxide-induced stomatal closure

Abstract

Nitric oxide (NO) has recently emerged as a second messenger involved in the complex network of signaling events that regulate stomatal closure. Little is known about the signaling events occurring downstream of NO. Previously, we demonstrated the involvement of phospholipase D (PLD) in NO signaling during stomatal closure. PLDδ, one of the 12 Arabidopsis PLDs, is involved in dehydration stress responses. To investigate the role of PLDδ in NO signaling in guard cells, we analyzed guard cells responses using Arabidopsis wild type and two independent pldδ single mutants. In this work, we show that pldδ mutants failed to close the stomata in response to NO. Treatments with phosphatidic acid, the product of PLD activity, induced stomatal closure in pldδ mutants. Abscisic acid (ABA) signaling in guard cells involved H(2)O(2) and NO production, both required for ABA-induced stomatal closure. pldδ guard cells produced similar NO and H(2)O(2) levels as the wild type in response to ABA. However, ABA- or H(2)O(2)-induced stomatal closure was impaired in pldδ plants. These data indicate that PLDδ is downstream of NO and H(2)O(2) in ABA-induced stomatal closure.