Phenotypic and genetic variability of a tetraploid wheat collection grown in Kazakhstan.

A Zatybekov,Y Turuspekov,S Abugalieva,S Anuarbek

doi:10.18699/vj20.654

Abstract

New cultivars adapted to major durum wheat growing environments are essential for the cultivation of this crop. The development of new cultivars has required the availability of diverse genetic material and their extensive field trials. In this work, a collection of tetraploid wheat consisting of 85 accessions was tested in the field conditions of Almaty region during 2018 and 2019. The accessions were ranged according to nine agronomic traits studied, and accessions with the highest yield performance for Almaty region of Kazakhstan were revealed. The ANOVA suggested that the performance of agronomic traits were influenced both by Environment and Genotype. Also, the collection was analyzed using seven SSR (simple sequence repeats) markers. From 3 to 6 alleles per locus were revealed, with an average of 4.6, while the effective number of alleles was 2.8. Nei’s genetic diversity was in the range of 0.45–0.69. The results showed high values of polymorphism index content (PIC) in the range of 0.46–0.70, with an average of 0.62, suggesting that 6 out of 7 SSRs were highly informative (PIC > 0.5). Phylogenetic analysis of the collection has allowed the separation of accessions into six clusters. The local accessions were presented in all six clusters with the majority of them grouped in the first three clusters designated as A, B, and C, respectively. The relations between SSR markers and agronomic traits in the collection were studied. The results can be efficiently used for the enhancement of local breeding projects for the improvement of yield productivity in durum wheat.

Highlights

Durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L. ssp. turgidum convar. durum (Desf.) MacKey) is a tetraploid species of wheat and is the main crop to producers of pasta and cereals
Phenotypic variation in the studied collection Field trials for two years revealed a sharp difference in the vegetation period between species of tetraploid wheat (Table 2)
The shortest HT was observed in genotypes of T. dicoccoides (56.5 ± 3.5 days), the longest – in T. polonicum (60.7 ± 3.9 days)

Summary

Introduction

Durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L. ssp. turgidum convar. durum (Desf.) MacKey) is a tetraploid species of wheat and is the main crop to producers of pasta and cereals. Durum (Desf.) MacKey) is a tetraploid species of wheat and is the main crop to producers of pasta and cereals. The growing area under durum wheat is about 17 million hectares in the world and production is 37 million tons (Kabbaj et al, 2017; Zaïm et al, 2017). In 2019, durum wheat production in Kazakhstan amounted to 560 thousand tons (https://agbz.kz). Other tetraploid wheat species Triticum turgidum L. ssp. Polonicum (L.) Thell., Triticum turgidum L. ssp. Are used as food and feed crops in different world regions. Wild species Triticum turgidum ssp. dicoccoides (Korn. ex Asch. & Graebn.) Thell. is often included in crossing schemes as a source for resistance to abiotic and biotic stresses (De Vita, Taranto, 2019; Mujeeb-Kazi et al, 2019)

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