Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) therapies for the treatment of diseases associated with inflammation and oxidative stress employ primarily bone marrow MSCs (BMMSCs) and other MSC types such as MSC from the chorionic villi of human term placentae (pMSCs). These MSCs are not derived from microenvironments associated with inflammation and oxidative stress, unlike MSCs from the decidua basalis of the human term placenta (DBMSCs). DBMSCs were isolated and then extensively characterized. Differentiation of DBMSCs into three mesenchymal lineages (adipocytes, osteocytes, and chondrocytes) was performed. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and flow cytometry techniques were also used to characterize the gene and protein expression profiles of DBMSCs, respectively. In addition, sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was performed to detect proteins secreted by DBMSCs. Finally, the migration and proliferation abilities of DBMSCs were also determined. DBMSCs were positive for MSC markers and HLA-ABC. DBMSCs were negative for hematopoietic and endothelial markers, costimulatory molecules, and HLA-DR. Functionally, DBMSCs differentiated into three mesenchymal lineages, proliferated, and migrated in response to a number of stimuli. Most importantly, these cells express and secrete a distinct combination of cytokines, growth factors, and immune molecules that reflect their unique microenvironment. Therefore, DBMSCs could be attractive, alternative candidates for MSC-based therapies that treat diseases associated with inflammation and oxidative stress.
Highlights
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent adult cells that were originally described as plastic-adherent, fibroblastlike cells derived from bone marrow (BM) [1]
decidua basalis MSCs (DBMSCs) were isolated from the decidua basalis attached to the maternal side of human placenta and these cells formed a homogenous monolayer of adherent cells which exhibited a fibroblast-like cell morphology (Figure 1(a))
Contamination by fetal derived cells in the DBMSC populations was assessed by room temperature (RT)-polymerase chain reaction (PCR) detecting for the SRY gene
Summary
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent adult cells that were originally described as plastic-adherent, fibroblastlike cells derived from bone marrow (BM) [1]. BMMSCs have significant limitations including the invasive harvesting method used for collection, insufficient numbers of stem cells in adult BM (approximately 0.001–0.01%), and reduction in cell numbers and differentiation potential with increasing age of the donor [3]. These limitations of BMMSCs for cell-based therapies prompted the isolation and characterization of MSCs from many other adult and fetal tissues, such as liver, dental pulp, adipose tissue, endometrium, muscle, amniotic fluid, placenta, and umbilical cord blood [4,5,6,7,8,9,10]. The term placenta [source of fetal chorionic villi MSC (called pMSCs or CMSCs)] and attached maternal decidua basalis [source of decidua basalis MSCs (DBMSCs)] are attractive alternate MSC sources because they are readily accessible, abundant, and commonly discarded after normal delivery
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