Phenotype variation of guppy fish (Poecilia reticulate W. Peters, 1859) population from different quality of aquatic environments in Surabaya, Indonesia

Abstract

Guppy fish (Poecilia reticulata) is commonly found in various regions and widespread distribution throughout the world, several aquatic environments in Surabaya have been known belong to the category of water quality class III or class IV. Abiotic factors that present in the environment may influence the polymorphism in a guppy fish population. When the population faces different environmental condition, it will cause the phenotypic variation in order to adapt to the conditions in the local environment. This study aims to observe the phenotypic variation of guppy fish population living in several aquatic environments with different quality levels in Surabaya. Fish samples were taken from six different locations that have been known for their water quality based on measurement of physical and chemical parameters. The total of 120 fish samples was obtained from six locations and used for phenotypic character analysis, such as body size and body color pattern. The results of this study consist of data on phenotype structure and phenogram tree. The population kinship based on phenogram tree consists of the first group that coming from a population of the class IV location, while the second group is coming from a population of the class III location. The phenotypic character of guppy fish that have different values between sites is body length, body area, the relative area of structural color, and relative area of carotenoid color.