Abstract
Diatoms are the dominant phytoplankton in temperate oceans and coastal regions and yet little is known about the genetic basis underpinning their global success. Here, we address this challenge by developing the first phenomic approach for a diatom, screening a collection of randomly mutagenized but identifiably tagged transformants. Based upon their tolerance to temperature extremes, several compromised mutants were identified revealing genes either stress related or encoding hypothetical proteins of unknown function. We reveal one of these hypothetical proteins is a novel putative chloroplast fatty acid transporter whose loss affects several fatty acids including the two omega-3, long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids - eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acid, both of which have medical importance as dietary supplements and industrial significance in aquaculture and biofuels. This mutant phenotype not only provides new insights into the fatty acid biosynthetic pathways in diatoms but also highlights the future value of phenomics for revealing specific gene functions in these ecologically important phytoplankton.
Highlights
Diatoms are the dominant phytoplankton in temperate oceans and coastal regions and yet little is known about the genetic basis underpinning their global success
The altered cellular fatty acid (FA) composition within this mutant suggests that this unusual fatty-acid transporter acts upon eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), an omega-3, long-chain polyunsaturated FA (LC-PUFA) of significant medical and biotechnological importance
In order to evaluate the feasibility of a phenomics screening approach of the S. marinoi mutant collection (SMMC) a screen was performed on 133 transformants, a number that was chosen based on those available at the time
Summary
Diatoms are the dominant phytoplankton in temperate oceans and coastal regions and yet little is known about the genetic basis underpinning their global success We address this challenge by developing the first phenomic approach for a diatom, screening a collection of randomly mutagenized but identifiably tagged transformants. We reveal one of these hypothetical proteins is a novel putative chloroplast fatty acid transporter whose loss affects several fatty acids including the two omega-3, long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids - eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acid, both of which have medical importance as dietary supplements and industrial significance in aquaculture and biofuels This mutant phenotype provides new insights into the fatty acid biosynthetic pathways in diatoms and highlights the future value of phenomics for revealing specific gene functions in these ecologically important phytoplankton. It emphasizes the combined value of mutagenesis and phenomics as one of the most informative approaches to elucidating gene functions
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