Phenology of flowering and fruiting of Calliandra (Calliandra spp.) species in submontane forest, Indonesia

Abstract

The phenology of flowering and fruiting by predicting the correct timing of flowering and fruiting can be the basis of a national park area management strategy in controlling invasive alien species such as Calliandra (Calliandra sp.). The research was conducted from June - September 2020 to determine the phase and phenology of flowering and fruiting of red Calliandra (C. calothyrsus) and white Calliandra (C. portoricensis). Direct field observations using purposive sampling method with characteristics of trees in a state of flowering based on the four cardinal directions and altitude, the analysis used is the average difference test or t test. The results showed the phenological period for red Calliandra (C. calothyrsus) was 97–125 days and white Calliandra (C. portoricensis) 72–101 days which occurred in June - September. Red Calliandra phenological periods (C.calothyrsus) and white Calliandra (C.portoricensis) were not significantly different between the variable direction (0.912 and 0.707) and variable heights (0.924 and 0.800). Therefore, Calliandra (Calliandra sp) can growth at an altitude up to 1.700 meters above sea level and is also able to adapt to shade through avoidance and tolerance mechanisms.