PHENOLOGY AND INHERITANCE OF MORPHOLOGICAL HARACTERS IN INTERSPECIFIC HYBRID PLANTS OF COTTON AND THIN-FIBER COTTON VARIETIES (IN CLIMATE CONDITIONS OF SIRDARYA REGION)

Abstract

Cotton Gossypium L. in the soil and climatic conditions of the Syr Darya is a cultural tetraploid from the family of G.Barbados L. The phenology of flowering in varieties belonging to the genus has been studied. According to it, of the selected research objects, the varieties Surkhan-18, Termez-202 and Surkhan-103 have a high possibility of continuing genetic and breeding processes in the conditions of the Syrdarya region and using these varieties to create hybrid organisms.It is important to study the morphological characteristics of the hybrids obtained on the basis of cross-breeding of different types of cotton, and to scientifically substantiate aspects such as the order in which the laws are passed. Because each variety has its own morpho-biological characteristics, and in most cases, morpho-biological characteristics (type of branching, leaf shape, shape and color of pods, the presence of anthocyanin spots on the petals, color of pollen, etc.) are taken into account when evaluating the variety. Also, on the basis of phenotypic analysis of the hybrids obtained by hybridization of varieties and species that are sharply different from each other in terms of morphological characteristics, it is possible to make a clear conclusion about the manifestation of morphological characteristics of one or another variety in hybrid plants. In order to successfully carry out breeding and create new hybrid plants that incorporate the best characteristics of the initial varieties, it is necessary to know the laws of passing morphological characteristics from one generation to the next, along with the valuable economic characteristics of cotton.