Abstract
The aim of the study was to compare the physicochemical parameters, sugar, vitamin C, and phenolic profiles in five genotypes of local indeterminate tunnel tomato hybrid (LITTH) (LITTH-778, LITTH-784, LITTH-786, LITTH-788, and LITTH-790) of natural parthenocarpic tomato (NPT) and normal seeded tomato (NST). Samples were collected from the experimental fields of Ayub Agricultural Research Institute, Faisalabad, Pakistan. Physical parameters (fruit shape, fruit weight, fruit length, fruit width, number of seeds per fruit, and shelf-life) and chemical composition (moisture, ash, crude fat, crude fiber, total carbohydrate, crude protein, and vitamin C) of NPT and NST were analyzed by reported methods. The methanolic extracts of tomato pulp were prepared by shaking and extracts were assayed for antioxidant activity. Sugar contents and phenolic profile of NPT and NST were estimated using HPLC method. Weight and size of NPT were less and smaller than the NST. Moreover, NPT were seedless with longer shelf-life and had more phenolic and flavonoid contents than the NST. HPLC analysis revealed that chlorogenic acid, gallic acid, and p-coumaric acid were major phenolics in methanol (polar solvent) extracts of NST, and caffeic acid, gallic acid, and p-coumaric acid in NPT extract. NPT contained higher concentration of sugar contents, but lower concentration of vitamin C than NST. In 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging assay, NPT fruit extracts showed high scavenging activity with the 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) value of 22.56 μg/mL compared to NST fruit extracts having IC50 29.49 μg/mL. This study provided useful information for farmers and nutritionists.
Highlights
Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) fruits are an essential part of human diet and have extensive health benefits [1]
Not a single report is available on the effect of parthenocarpy on the physiochemical properties, nutritional quality, phenolic profile, vitamin content, and antioxidant potential of selected genotype in comparison with normal seeded fruits. us, in this study we planned to explore the variation in the physical parameters, proximate composition, antioxidant activity total phenolic contents (TPC), total flavonoid contents (TFC), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging activity, reducing power, and nutritional quality parameters of natural parthenocarpic tomato (NPT) and normal seeded tomato (NST)
Statistical Analysis. ree samples of each tomato genotype were collected and analyzed in triplicate and the values were expressed as mean ± SD. e significance differences among the numerical values of NPT and NST were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Tukey’s test, using Minitab version 18. e level of significance was set at p ≤ 0.05
Summary
Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) fruits are an essential part of human diet and have extensive health benefits [1]. Tomato fruits are an excellent natural supplement of minerals, essential nutrients, and many other secondary metabolites such as lycopene, carotene, vitamin C, and polyphenols [2, 3]. Due to these valuable nutrients, utilization of tomatoes can decrease the risk of various fatal diseases such as cancer and coronary artery diseases [4, 5]. In Italy, parthenocarpic tomatoes were developed in the Italian variety “Sha-pat” using the temperature effect and pollination method [14] Utilization of phytohormones such as auxin and gibberellin, especially the auxins, is a chemical approach to induce parthenocarpy in fruits [15, 16]. Not a single report is available on the effect of parthenocarpy on the physiochemical properties, nutritional quality, phenolic profile, vitamin content, and antioxidant potential of selected genotype in comparison with normal seeded fruits. us, in this study we planned to explore the variation in the physical parameters (fruit shape, fruit weight, fruit length, fruit width, number of seeds per fruit, and shelf-life of fruit), proximate composition, antioxidant activity total phenolic contents (TPC), total flavonoid contents (TFC), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging activity, reducing power, and nutritional quality parameters (sugars, vitamin C, phenolic, and flavonoids) of natural parthenocarpic tomato (NPT) and normal seeded tomato (NST)
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