Abstract
ABSTRACTIn this study, the antioxidant, anticholinesterase, and anti-tyrosinase properties of (hexane, acetone, methanol, and water) extracts of Ferula elaeochytris and Sideritis stricta were determined with the total phenolic and flavonoid contents. The phenolic profile of the methanol and water extracts was analysed using HPLC-DAD. Protocatechuic acid was found as the major phenolic compound in the methanol (116.3 ± 3.1 µg/g) and water extracts (69.4 ± 1.3 µg/g) of F. elaeochytris. Coumarins (253.9 ± 4.1 µg/g) and catechin hydrate (175.2 ± 2.9 µg/g) were the most abundant phenolic compounds in the methanol and water extracts of S. stricta. β-carotene–linoleic acid, DPPH•, ABTS•+, CUPRAC, and metal-chelating assays were used to evaluate antioxidant properties of the extracts. The methanol and water extracts of F. elaeochytris and the acetone and methanol extracts of S. stricta containing the highest amount of total phenolic and flavonoid contents showed the highest antioxidant activities in β-carotene–linoleic acid, DPPH•, ABTS•+, and CUPRAC assays. The enzyme inhibitory potential of extracts was investigated against key enzymes involved in neurodegenerative (acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE)) and skin (tyrosinase) disorders. In the cholinesterase inhibitory assays, the hexane extracts of two species exhibited the best activity against AChE, while the hexane extract of F. elaeochytris and the methanol extract of S. stricta observed to be the most active against BChE. As for anti-tyrosinase activity results of extracts, the only acetone and methanol extracts showed mild inhibitory activity for both species.
Highlights
The Apiaceae family comprises of flowering and aromatic plants mostly growing in temperate areas
The highest level of phenolic compounds was measured in the acetone extract (141.05 ± 0.11 μg pyrocatechol equivalents (PEs)/mg) and followed by the methanol extract (65.40 ± 0.32 μg PEs/mg) of S. stricta
Antioxidant, anticholinesterase, and tyrosinase inhibitory properties of various extracts of F. elaeochytris and S. stricta were determined with the total phenolic and flavonoid contents
Summary
The Apiaceae family (formerly Umbelliferae) comprises of flowering and aromatic plants mostly growing in temperate areas. The Ferula genus belongs to the family of Apiaceae, consists of 170 species which spreads from Central Asia to Mediterranean region. In Turkey, the Ferula genus is one of the most important genera and represented by 25 taxa. The Ferula genus was reported as a rich source of gum resin. This genus is used in the treatment of many diseases such as digestive disorders, rheumatism, headache, arthritis, toothache, and diabetes in folk medicine. Some species are used as traditional foods and a flavouring agent as well as a traditional medicine for many diseases in many parts of world.[2] Ferula species is a rich source of biologically
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