Phenol hydroxylation on Al-Fe modified-bentonite: Effect of Fe loading, temperature and reaction time

R K Widi,A Budhyantoro,A Christianto

doi:10.1088/1757-899x/245/1/012007

R K Widi, A Budhyantoro + Show 1 more

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https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/245/1/012007

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Abstract

The present work reflects the study of the phenol hydroxylation reactions to synthesize hydroquinone and catechol on Al-Fe modified-bentonite. This study started with synthesizes the catalyst material based on the modified bentonite. Natural bentonite from Pacitan, Indonesia was intercalated with Cetyl-TetramethylammoniumBromida (CTMA-Br) followed by pillarization using Alumina. The pillared bentonite was then impregnated with Fe solution (0.01 M, 0.05 M, and 0.1 M). The solid material obtained was calcined at 723 K for 4 hours. All the materials were characterized using BET N2 adsorption. Their catalytic activity and selectivity were studied for phenol hydroxylation using H2O2 (30%). The reaction conditions of this reaction were as follows: ratio of phenol/H2O2 = 1:1 (molar ratio), concentration of phenol = 1 M and ratio of catalyst/phenol was 1:10. Reaction temperatures were varied at 333, 343 and 353 K. The reaction time was also varied at 3, 4 and 5 hours. The result shows that the materials have potential catalyst activity.

Highlights

Hydroquinone is used extensively as a photography chemicals, antioxidants, polymerization inhibitors, flavoring agents and drug intermediates [1]
The results show that higher phenol conversion did not tend to produce high amount of hydroquinone
The catalytic activity tests for phenol hydroxylation show that Fe loading plays an important role to the catalytic performance

Summary

Introduction

Hydroquinone is used extensively as a photography chemicals, antioxidants, polymerization inhibitors, flavoring agents and drug intermediates [1]. Phenol hydroxylation has become an important industrial process to synthesize hydroquinone and catechol This process involves the reaction of phenol with H2O2 which is simple and environmental friendly. The heterogeneous catalysts are preferred over the homogeneous ones because they give a high phenol conversion with high product selectivity and can be separated from the reaction mixture. Some researchers use titanium silicate [2,3,4], TiO2 in supports such as silica [5], alumina [6], zeolite [7, 8], and activated carbon [9], zeolite MCM [10], copper-iron complexes [11, 12] as a heterogeneous catalyst for phenol hydroxylation. The other researchers examined the activity of phenol hydroxylation on zeolite MCM [10] and copper-iron complexes [11, 12]

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