Abstract
Background: Biodiversity in Indonesia is so diverse, including in Apocynaceae plants that is why it is important to study the kinship relationship to find out the kinship of Apocynaceae. The purpose of this study was to determine phenetic kinship through morphological and anatomical evidence from four members of the Apocynaceae family. Methods: The method used in this research is descriptive qualitative and quantitative method. The samples in this study were four species of Apocynaceae family members, including Adenium obesum, Plumeria rubra, Catharanthus roseus, and Allamanda cathartica. The indicators used were the morphological traits of stems, leaves, and flowers and the anatomical trait of stomata. Results: The result showed that the phenetic kinship of the four species of the Apocynaceae family member namely Alamanda cathartica had a distant kinship relationship with the other species with a similarity value of 31%. Conclusions: Thus, the familial relationship between species in the Apocynaceae family in terms of morphological and anatomical characters that have a close relationship with Plumeria rubra and Adenium obesum with a similarity value of 44% and the most distant Alamanda cathartica with a similarity value of 31%.
 
Highlights
Biodiversity in Indonesia is very diverse, especially in the Plant or Plant Kingdom, where the Plant Kingdom is known as a group of organisms with chlorophyll and different other uniqueness
The difference in morphology of each of the most pond species is the length of the flower, Plumeria rubra has a flower length of 5.87 cm Catharanthus roseus has a flower length of 2.8 cm, Alamanda cathartica has a flower length of 8.13 cm and Adenium obesum has a flower length 7.32 cm
The relationship between the species in the Apocynaceae family is seen from the morphological and anatomical characteristics of the species, where the morphology observed is in the form of leaves, stems, roots and flowers with their characteristics
Summary
Biodiversity in Indonesia is very diverse, especially in the Plant or Plant Kingdom, where the Plant Kingdom is known as a group of organisms with chlorophyll and different other uniqueness. The samples in this study were four Apocynaceae family members species, including Adenium obesum, Plumeria rubra, Catharanthus roseus, and Allamanda cathartica. Conclusions: the familial relationship between species in the Apocynaceae family in terms of morphological and anatomical characters, the closest kinship is Plumeria rubra, and Adenium obesum with a similarity value of 44% and the most distant Alamanda cathartica with a similarity value of 31%. Sampel dalam penelitian ini yaitu empat spesies anggota famili Apocynaceae, antara lain Adenium obesum, Plumeria rubra, Catharanthus roseus, dan Allamanda cathartica. Kesimpulan: Dengan demikian hubungan kekerabatan antara spesies pada family Apocynaceae ditinjau dari karakter morfologi dan anatomi mempunyai hubungan kekerabatan yang dekat yaitu spesies Plumeria rubra dan Adenium obesum dengan nilai similaritas 44% dan yang paling jauh yaitu Alamanda cathartica dengan nilai similaritas yakni 31%
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