Abstract
1. Manganese has much greater effect than nickel on the hardenability of low-carbon steels. Partial substitution of nickel by manganese helps form a martensitic structure at minimal cooling rates. 2. The cooling rate from the austenite region has a small effect on the copper content in the solid solution due to the high solubility of this element in austenite, which has high stability. 3. The dual heat treatment in the two-phase region (α+γ) helps increase the content of the reverted austenite in the structure of the steel, the maximum amount of which (60–80%) is observed after the first heating in the intercritical range.
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