Phase separation in effective hard-core boson and triplet models in one and two dimensions

Abstract

Effective models of hard-core hole pair bosons and triplets are derived from the $t\ensuremath{-}J$ model in ladders and on the square lattice by performing a change from site to dimer basis. The Hilbert space is truncated by projecting out single-occupied electron states and only nearest-neighbor interactions are retained. The resulting effective models in one and two dimensions are studied by numerical techniques. In both spatial dimensions, the main result is that each hole pair is surrounded by a singlet cloud expelling triplet excitations from its vicinity. It is suggested an interpretation of this feature as a phase-separated state between a hole-pair-rich singlet phase and an undoped triplet phase with antiferromagnetic correlations. The possible relevance of this result to other theoretical scenarios and experimental results is discussed.