Abstract
Phase-matched wavelength conversion is achieved in difference frequency generation (DFG) in a structure of gallium arsenide (GaAs) with periodic arrays of nanoholes. Linear properties (refractive indices) of the structure are determined from the S -parameters of the structure. Finite difference time domain (FDTD) simulation is used to calculate the S -parameters. The longest wavelength achieved is 16.2229 μm and the shortest is 3.2961 μm. The results of the FDTD simulation are compared with results obtained from the effective medium theory by using the Maxwell Garnett model. The comparison shows excellent agreement.
Highlights
Due to the vibrational transition of many molecules, the mid-infrared spectral region is an interesting area of spectroscopy
Phase-matched wavelength conversion is achieved in difference frequency generation (DFG) in a structure of gallium arsenide (GaAs) with periodic arrays of nanoholes
Most available difference frequency generation methods based on parametric wavelength conversion use nonlinear crystals, such as periodically poled lithium niobate (PPLN), potassium titanly phosphate (KTP), and barium borate (BBO) [2], [3]
Summary
Due to the vibrational transition of many molecules, the mid-infrared (mid-IR) spectral region is an interesting area of spectroscopy. Nonlinear optical difference frequency conversion is one of the most functional techniques for generating coherent, broad, and discrete light sources for spectroscopy in the mid-IR region [1]. GaAs, with its wide transparent optical window, from 1 μm to 17 μm, is the best choice for mid-infrared conversion using difference frequency generation [7]–[10]. It is not possible to achieve phase matching for DFG in GaAs, due to its natural isotropic properties. This problem can be solved via a multilayered structure of GaAs with other materials. Phase-matched difference generated wavelengths from 2.8 μm to 11 μm have been achieved by using artificial birefringence in a structure of GaAs with silver nanowires [23]. This type of structure can be fabricated via a metal-assisted chemical etching technique [24]–[26]
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