Abstract
The main goal of this thesis is to study the phase and polarization-state changes of focused, pulsed Gaussian beams upon focusing and propagation. An important topic of the work is the phase and group velocity of focused beams. Related to these properties, special attention is paid to the carrier-envelope phase variations of focused, pulsed beams in the vicinity of focus. An other appointed goal of this study is to examine the influence of focusing, as a diffraction effect, along with that of beam distortions (truncation, chromatic aberration, monochromatic aberrations - spherical aberration, astigmatism, coma, curvature of field, distortion) on the phase properties in the focus. A relevant topic assigned for examination is the time-dependent polarization state of short pulses, specifically to investigate if it changes upon focusing and free-space propagation, and if yes, how.
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