Pharmacological Evaluation of Amaranthus viridis Linn leaves Extract for Anti Alzheimer’s Activity in Rat Models

Abstract

This study aimed to evaluate the potential anti-Alzheimer’s activity of Amaranthus viridis Linn leaves extract in rats. The leaves were extracted using methanol, and the phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of flavonoids, tannins, and alkaloids. Adult female Wistar rats were divided into five groups: control, Alzheimer’s-induced, low-dose Amaranthus viridis extract-treated (200 mg/kg), high-dose Amaranthus viridis extract-treated (400 mg/kg), standard drug-treated (donepezil). Alzheimer’s disease was induced using scopolamine. Cognitive functions were assessed using the Morris water maze and Elevated Plus Maze tests. Biochemical parameter, includes acetylcholinesterase activity was measured in brain tissues. Both low-dose and high-dose Amaranthus viridis extract-treated groups showed significant improvement in memory retention and spatial learning compared to the Alzheimer’s-induced group, with the high-dose group showing greater efficacy. Biochemical analysis revealed a substantial decrease in acetylcholinesterase activity in both extract-treated groups, aligning closely with the standard drug-treated group. The findings suggest that Amaranthus viridis Linn leaves extract exhibits notable anti-Alzheimer’s activity, potentially through mechanism involving inhibition of acetylcholinesterase. This study supports the traditional use of Amaranthus viridis in cognitive disorders and highlights its promise as a natural therapeutic agent for Alzheimer’s disease.