Pharmacological Aspects of Phyllanthus fraternus Standardized Extract (Rich in Lignans and Tannins) as a Pain Modulator

Atul R Chopade,Suraj N Mali,Pramod A Patil

doi:10.2174/1876386302013010022

Abstract

Background: The standardized extracts of P. fraternus were previously reported by us for its anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and anti-arthritic biological potentials. However, we have not reported for a consequence of P. fraternus on chronic inflammatory muscle hyperalgesia. Herein, we have demonstrated chronic pain modulating effect of standardized extracts of P. fraternus. Materials and Methods: Firstly, we have collected various parts of P. fraternus plant including the dried stems, leaves, and roots. In order to produce chronic inflammations, we further allowed injection to the left gastrocnemius muscle belly of rats with a freshly prepared solution of 3% carrageenan in normal saline (100µL). Thermal/heat hyperalgesia, mechanical hyperalgesia and muscle circumferences were determined in the current experimental model. In order to estimate, chronic pain modulating potential of P. fraternus, we have also studied histopathological studies and measurement of prostaglandin E-2 (PGE2). Results: After administration of 3% carrageenan intramuscular injection, we investigated the chronic thermal and mechanical hypersensitivity of aforementioned test sample i.e. standardized extracts of P. fraternus in terms of adopting 2 gradual dosings of 200 and 400 mg/kg (administered intraperitoneally) from day 14th to 22nd. From our study, we observed significant antihyperalgesic activity; when we allowed administering standardized extracts of P. fraternus intraperitoneally. Conclusion: To conclude, we have investigated the antihyperalgesic and anti-inflammatory potentials of standardized extracts of P. fraternus. These effects might be having mediation via supraspinal or spinal neuronal mechanisms, and mainly observed due to evidence of PGE2 inhibitions.

Highlights

Many clinically defined conditions occurring throughout the world are having major representing a symptom of pain originating from muscle [1]
We have found that there was a remarkable reduction occurred for carrageenan induced heat stimuli when treated with P. fraternus extract
In the previous study, which was demonstrated in Freund’s complete adjuvant induced arthritis model and showed significant antiarthritic activity, which may be due to the contribution of antiinflammatory potential of standardized P. fraternus extract [19, 20].Various pharmacological potentials such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic effects were reported by Kandhare et al [21, 22] for phyllanthus extracts in acolitis model of inflammatory bowel disease; which was induced by acetic acid

Summary

Introduction

Many clinically defined conditions occurring throughout the world are having major representing a symptom of pain originating from muscle [1]. We reported the potential of Phyllanthus amarus extracts as a chronic pain modulator [11]. We have explored the anti-inflammatory, analgesic, anxiolytic and anti-arthritic potentials of standardized extracts of P. fraternus [10 - 12]. In our current study, we tried to explore the effects of P. fraternus on chronic inflammatory muscle hyperalgesia in terms of its chronic inflammatory pain modulation potentials. The standardized extracts of P. fraternus were previously reported by us for its anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and anti-arthritic biological potentials. We have demonstrated chronic pain modulating effect of standardized extracts of P. fraternus

Methods

Results

Discussion

Conclusion