Pharmacokinetics of oral phenazopyridine in goats with obstructive urolithiasis

Abstract

Phenazopyridine, an azo dye and urinary bladder analgesic widely used in human medicine, is commonly used for ancil­lary pain management in the treatment of goats with obstruc­tive urolithiasis. Despite its common use in these patients, there are no published studies on the pharmacokinetic param­eters, safety, or efficacy of phenazopyridine in caprine patients. The aim of this study was to determine the pharmacokinetic pa­rameters of oral phenazopyridine administration in goats with obstructive urolithiasis following tube cystostomy surgery