Pharmacokinetics of Enrofloxacin and Its Active Metabolite Ciprofloxacin and Its Interaction With Diclofenac After Intravenous Administration in Buffalo Calves

Abstract

The concentration of enrofloxacin and its metabolite, ciprofloxacin, in feces and urines were investigated in healthy pigs after oral administration (p.o.) of a single dose of 5.0 mg/kg bw and an indoor soil model was set to study the effects of enrofloxacin and ciprofloxacin through biological and chemical metrics including changes to edaphon, edaphic ammonification and nitrification and the soil bacterial community. The results showed that the concentrations of entofloxacin and ciprofloxacin in feces and urines fluctuated, the maximum concentrations of enrofloxacin and ciprofloxacin in the urine were 22.74 and 48.04 μg/ml, respectively, 24.68 and 30.98 μg/g in the feces, respectively. The effect of enrofloxacin and ciprofloxacin on edaphon, edaphic ammonification and nitrification and the soil bacterial community differed at different time points. And the model can be used to evaluate environmental safety of enrofloxacin and develop possible procedures for the safe handling and utilization of animal excrement.