Pharmacognosy, phytochemistry, pharmacology and clinical application of Ginkgo biloba

Manisha P More Manisha P More,Prajakta N Dongare Prajakta N Dongare,Ravindra L Bakal Ravindra L Bakal,Jagdish V Manwar Jagdish V Manwar,Rahul D Jawarkar Rahul D Jawarkar,Anuja S Motule Anuja S Motule,Prerna A Patinge Prerna A Patinge

doi:10.30574/gscbps.2021.16.2.0249

Manisha P More Manisha P More, Prajakta N Dongare Prajakta N Dongare + Show 5 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.30574/gscbps.2021.16.2.0249

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Abstract

In the present review, we are highlighted various pharmacognostic and pharmacological aspects of the different parts of plant Ginkgo biloba. Leaves are mainly potential source of phytochemical constituents. The plant encompasses variety of pharmacological activities namely antioxidant, hypolipidemic, antibacterial, etc. The pharmacological profile of plant is mainly attributed to the presence of chemicals such as Ginkgolide A, Ginkgolide B, Ginkgolide C, Bilobalide, Ginkgotoxin, ginkgolides and bilobalide are the major constituents. The pills with the highest concentration of plant extract (100 mg) allow the intake of the highest antioxidants concentration. It is also used along with 5-flurouracil in cancer treatment. There is need to explore more activities of the plant.

Highlights

Herbal medicines have been used for over 5000 years and they are one of the most promising sources of new medicines
The pharmacological profile of plant is mainly attributed to the presence of chemicals such as Ginkgolide A, Ginkgolide B, Ginkgolide C, Bilobalide, Ginkgotoxin, ginkgolides and bilobalide are the major constituents
Ginkgo biloba is one the medicinal plants wifely used in treatment of various diseases and disorders [1]

Summary

Introduction

Herbal medicines have been used for over 5000 years and they are one of the most promising sources of new medicines. The name Ginkgo is derived from a wrong transcription of the Japanese name Yin-Kwo (silver fruit), while the epithet biloba refers to the bilobed shape of leaves; the English name “maidenhair tree” is due to a resemblance of the leaf shape and veins to maidenhair fern [2-4]. 2. Geographical distribution The G. biloba tree, which is native to China, Japan, and Korea, is distributed through cultivation in many parts of Europe, America, and the temperate regions of New Zealand, Argentina, and India [5-6]. Ginkgo biloba is both the Latin binomial and common name of the species. It is known as "maidenhair tree," owing to its resemblance to the maidenhair fern. Plantae Pinophyta Ginkgophyta Ginkgoopsida Ginkgoales Ginkgoaceae Ginkgo Biloba Leaf Fossil tree, Kew tree, Maidenhair tree

Morphology

Leaves

Conclusion