Abstract
Parts of the plant or the plant as a whole has been used in most parts of the world for the treatment of various ailments; either as topical applications to treat skin diseases or prepared into infusion, decoctions or even concoctions with other herbs and consumed to either alleviate pains or treat other diseases like malaria, pile, bacterial infective HIV etc. In an attempt to standardize this plant, the pharmacognostic studies were carried out on its stem bark. Preliminary processing of the plant material was done. The stem cuttings were debarked and the barks dried in an open air under shade. The macroscopical examinations were done. The dried plant materials was then powdered using morter and pistil. The anatomical sections and powdered samples of the plant parts were investigated for their microscopical profiles. These revealed the presence of phloem tissues, parenchyma cells, cork cells, calcium oxalate crystals, starch grains and secretory ducts in the powdered bark; while the anatomical sections revealed the presence of xylem tissues. A preliminary phytochemical screening revealed the presence of some phytochemicals. A co-chromatographic analysis revealed the presence of catechol (condensed tannins).
Highlights
The use of plants in ethno-medicine is continually being employed worldwide as a guide to the possible therapeutic potentials of a particular plant
Previous work has been done on the fruits, fruit pulp, seeds, seed coats, leaves, either by way of screening its aqueous extracts against clinical isolates [3], investigating the response of some farm animals to diets containing the fruit pulp [4], comparing the biological actions of the chemical constituents of the leaves, stems and roots [5], there is no report or documentation made on the stem bark of Detarium microcarpum
The plant material was collected from the wild in vegetation around the settlements in Giwa local Government Area located in Kaduna State, Nigeria
Summary
The use of plants in ethno-medicine is continually being employed worldwide as a guide to the possible therapeutic potentials of a particular plant. In Mali the bark is used to treat measles, nocturia, hypertension, itch and tiredness, while a decoction of the leaves or roots is taken against paralysis, meningitis, tiredness, cramps and difficult delivery. This helps the researcher to come up with ways in which such plant could be used in treating certain diseases and infections or develop drugs in the orthodox medical practice [2]. The aim/purpose of this work is to come up with standards for the development of a monograph for the stem bark of Detarium microcarpum by evaluating the Pharmacognostic charactersters of its stem bark This will serve as a reference point for the proper identification of this plant thereby contributing to the scientific world of research
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