Abstract
Introduction: The state quality assurance system ensures the confidence of consumers that the product meets its quality requirements. In this study, pharmacognostic standards of the leaves and fructus of burdock are specified for the first time. Methods: Microscopic analysis was carried out by using the microscope Carl Zeiss. The UV spectrum were measured on an SF-2000 spectrophotometer. Results: Macroscopically, the leaves are heart-shaped, broad-heart-ovate-shaped with a spaced emarginatedserrate or whole edge, with a wide, wedge-shaped, rounded, uneven base, acute apex, green on the outer surface, grayish slightly pubescent on the inner surface. The fructus are obovate or wedge-compressed, slightly curved, the color is brown/black with spots, or variegated with black spots on a gray background. The microscopic examination of the leaves revealed the presence of epidermis, large submerged and non-submerged stomata of the anomocytic type, 2 types of simple unbranched multi-cellular and glandular capitate trichomes; essential oil glands. Microscopic examination of the leaf petiole revealed the presence of 2 types of simple multi-cellular trichomes, epidermis, angular collenchyma, bicollateral bundles, parenchyma. The stomatal index value is 8.28±0.81 per 1cm2. The microscopy of the fructus revealed the presence of elongated cells of the pericarp epidermis; mesocarp; endocarp; endosperm with aleurone grains and drops of fatty oil. The qualitative phytochemical analysis of revealed the presence of polysaccharides, tannins, flavonoids, terpenoids, saponins, phenolic acids. Conclusion: Physical and chemical parameters (moisture, extractive value, ash content) were also specified. These specific data are important for establishing diagnostic indicators for standardization, identification, preparation of new quality standards.
Highlights
The state quality assurance system ensures the confidence of consumers that the product meets its quality requirements
The target of the research was big burdock leaves of the first and second year of vegetation harvested in the middle of the growing season, fructus collected in autumn during the fruiting season of 2019-2021 from wild and cultivated Arctium lappa L
The results of phytochemical screening of biological active substances in the leaves and fructus of burdock are presented in table 1
Summary
The state quality assurance system ensures the confidence of consumers that the product meets its quality requirements. Pharmacognostic standards of the leaves and fructus of burdock are specified for the first time. The microscopic examination of the leaves revealed the presence of epidermis, large submerged and non-submerged stomata of the anomocytic type, 2 types of simple unbranched multi-cellular and glandular capitate trichomes; essential oil glands. Conclusion: Physical and chemical parameters (moisture, extractive value, ash content) were specified. These specific data are important for establishing diagnostic indicators for standardization, identification, preparation of new quality standards. Antibacterial properties of big burdock were used for sore throats, syphilis, inflammation of the mucous membranes of the genitals, initial forms of upper respiratory tract diseases, inflammation of the mucous membranes of the mouth, gums, throat, and, due to their anti-parasitic effect, they are used for intestinal worms.[3,4,5,6,7] Folk medicine has accumulated the experience in treatment of prostate adenoma and other oncological diseases with fresh juice, galenic preparations of burdock roots, leaves, inflorescences.[8,9] In China, the seeds and roots of big burdock are used for insect and venomous snake bites, edema, hemorrhages, boils, as well as cholagogic, diuretic treatments.[10]
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