Pharmacognostic Standardisation and Phytochemical Evaluation on the Seeds of Two Vitis Vinefera L. Varieties Grown in Kashmir Valley, India

Javaid Ashraf Nowshehri,Mohammad Yaseen Shah,Zulfiqar Ali Bhat

doi:10.5530/pj.2016.5.9

Abstract

Introduction: Grape (Vitis vinifera L.) is one of the largest fruit crop widely grown throughout the world and their seeds are considered a relevant source of polyphenol compounds. Objective: To carry out phytochemical and pharmacognostic evaluation of the seeds of Vitis vinifera L. Var sahibi and hussaini, family vitiaceae as per WHO guidelines. Materials and Methods: In present investigation, the detailed pharmacognostic studies were carried out in terms of organoleptic properties, macroscopical, microscopical characters, physicochemical parameters, preliminary phytochemical screening for major groups of compounds and other WHO recommended parameters for standardization of the seeds of Vitis vinifera L. Var. sahibi and hussaini. Results: Macro and microscopic characters of Vitis vinifera L. seeds Var. sahibi and hussaini were analyzed. Physicochemical parameters such as foreign matter, extractive values, ash content, pH and fluorescent behaviour of seed powder were done by using WHO recommended parameters. A preliminary phytochemical screening was done and revealed the presence of different phytoconstituents like carbohydrates, flavonoids, glycosides, tannins, sterols and fixed oil. Conclusion: This is the first report of its kind on the pharmacognostic studies of Vitis vinifera L. seeds Var. sahibi and hussaini and will serve as valuable source of information towards establishing pharmacognostic standards on identification, purity, quality and classification.

Highlights

Grape (Vitis vinifera L.) is one of the largest fruit crop widely grown throughout the world and their seeds are considered a relevant source of polyphenol compounds
A high part of grapes is made into wine, another part is dried into raisins, a considerable part is consumed as table grapes
The polyphenol compounds are as much as 60-70% in grape seeds compared only 10% in the fruit and 28-35% in the peels;[2] these levels are influenced by the grape variety and ecological factors.[1]

Summary

Introduction

Grape (Vitis vinifera L.) is one of the largest fruit crop widely grown throughout the world and their seeds are considered a relevant source of polyphenol compounds. Grape seeds and skins which are a low-value by-products of wine making or juice making operations are considered to be economical and a good source of these high-quality phenolic compounds.[1] The polyphenol compounds are as much as 60-70% in grape seeds compared only 10% in the fruit and 28-35% in the peels;[2] these levels are influenced by the grape variety and ecological factors.[1] Most of the polyphenol compounds found in grape seeds are monomerics catechin, epicatechin and gallic acid, and the polymeric and oligomeric procyanidins.[3] These compounds are of interest in pharmaceutical and food industries for therapeutic treatments and health supplements.[2] The medicinal and nutritional importance of Vitis vinifera L. has been heralded for thousands of years. Grapes are helpful in bilious dyspepsia, dysuria, haemorrhage, in chronic bronchitis, gout and heart diseases.[4,5]

Objectives

Methods

Conclusion