Abstract
This article reports results of studies on the effects of pH, temperature, particulate matter, organic matter, and ions on the phage MS2 inactivation in pure water and actual water samples. Organic matter and pH as well as the presence of Br− and I− ions strongly affected the ozone inactivation of MS2, whereas temperature and particulate matter had minimal effects. Moreover, the nitrogen from ammonia had a negligible effect on ozone inactivation. The delayed Chick–Watson model provided the most suitable description of MS2 inactivation by ozone. The equation of the inactivation rate was also obtained, which was well correlated with the measured results.
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