Abstract
To date, the implant-associated infections represent a worldwide challenge for the recently reported bacterial drug resistance that can lead to the inefficacy or low efficacy of conventional antibiotic therapies. Plant polyphenolic compounds, including resveratrol (RSV), are increasingly gaining consensus as valid and effective alternatives to antibiotics limiting antibiotic resistance. In this study, electrospun polylactic acid (PLA) membranes loaded with different concentrations of RSV are synthesized and characterized in their chemical, morphological, and release features. The obtained data show that the RSV release rate from the PLA-membranes is remarkably higher in acidic conditions than at neutral pH. In addition, a change in pH from neutral to slightly acidic triggers a significant increase in the RSV release. This behavior indicates that the PLA-RSV membranes can act as drug reservoir when the environmental pH is neutral, starting to release the bioactive molecules when the pH decreases, as in presence of oral bacterial infection. Indeed, our results demonstrate that PLA-RSV2 displays a significant antibacterial and antibiofilm activity against two bacterial strains, Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1, and Streptococcus mutans, responsible for both acute and chronic infections in humans, thus representing a promising solution for the prevention of the implant-associated infections.
Highlights
Over the past decades, osseointegrated implants have emerged as a major clinical therapeutic approach to replace missing teeth or restore the structure or function of the musculoskeletal system [1]
Our results demonstrate that polylactic acid (PLA)-RSV2 displays a significant antibacterial and antibiofilm activity against two bacterial strains, Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1, and Streptococcus mutans, responsible for both acute and chronic infections in humans, representing a promising solution for the prevention of the implant-associated infections
Electrospun PLA nanofiber membranes loaded with different amounts of RSV were produced, characterized, and their antibacterial and antibiofilm potential evaluated on Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1, Streptococcus mutans, and on a mixed culture of both bacteria to simulate the naturally occurring multispecies biofilm system
Summary
Over the past decades, osseointegrated implants have emerged as a major clinical therapeutic approach to replace missing teeth or restore the structure or function of the musculoskeletal system [1]. Peri-implantitis represents a pathological condition involving both the soft and the hard tissue around implants, characterized by local tissue inflammation that may result in severe bone loss around the implant [3,4]. The progressive loss of contact between the connective tissue and the implant surface enables the bacterial biofilm to move down into the peri-implant pocket, thereby decreasing implant osseointegration. This process may be exacerbated by the oral pH drop that is a consequence of sugar consumption or sustained microorganism metabolism, as in the biofilm presence [5,6]. When the environmental pH reaches values of
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