Abstract
Exercise training influences phospholipid fatty acid composition in skeletal muscle and these changes are associated with physiological phenotypes; however, the molecular mechanism of this influence on compositional changes is poorly understood. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator 1α (PGC-1α), a nuclear receptor coactivator, promotes mitochondrial biogenesis, the fiber-type switch to oxidative fibers, and angiogenesis in skeletal muscle. Because exercise training induces these adaptations, together with increased PGC-1α, PGC-1α may contribute to the exercise-mediated change in phospholipid fatty acid composition. To determine the role of PGC-1α, we performed lipidomic analyses of skeletal muscle from genetically modified mice that overexpress PGC-1α in skeletal muscle or that carry KO alleles of PGC-1α. We found that PGC-1α affected lipid profiles in skeletal muscle and increased several phospholipid species in glycolytic muscle, namely phosphatidylcholine (PC) (18:0/22:6) and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) (18:0/22:6). We also found that exercise training increased PC (18:0/22:6) and PE (18:0/22:6) in glycolytic muscle and that PGC-1α was required for these alterations. Because phospholipid fatty acid composition influences cell permeability and receptor stability at the cell membrane, these phospholipids may contribute to exercise training-mediated functional changes in the skeletal muscle.
Highlights
Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health, and Nutrition, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0085, Japan; Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy,††† Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, 431-3192, Japan; and Department of Anatomy,§§§ University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
To examine the differences between the lipid profiles of glycolytic and oxidative muscle fibers such as extensor digitorum longus (EDL) and soleus, and to determine the impact of PGC-1␣ on these profiles, lipidomic analyses were performed using highresolution LC/MS that allows for accurate identification of lipid species
It has been reported that exercise training modifies phospholipid species in the skeletal muscles [4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11]; the molecular mechanisms involved in these modifications
Summary
Exercise training influences phospholipid fatty acid composition in skeletal muscle and these changes are associated with physiological phenotypes; the molecular mechanism of this influence on compositional changes is poorly understood. Because exercise training induces these adaptations, together with increased PGC-1␣, PGC-1␣ may contribute to the exercise-mediated change in phospholipid fatty acid composition. We found that PGC-1␣ affected lipid profiles in skeletal muscle and increased several phospholipid species in glycolytic muscle, namely phosphatidylcholine (PC) (18:0/22:6) and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) (18:0/22:6). We found that exercise training increased PC (18:0/22:6) and PE (18:0/22:6) in glycolytic muscle and that PGC-1␣ was required for these alterations. Because phospholipid fatty acid composition influences cell permeability and receptor stability at the cell membrane, these phospholipids may contribute to exercise training-mediated functional changes in the skeletal muscle.—Senoo, N., N. PGC-1␣-mediated changes in phospholipid profiles of exercise-trained skeletal muscle.
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