Abstract

<p>Volume dan jenis media tumbuh sangat penting dalam mendukung pertumbuhan bibit karet (Hevea brasiliensis) untuk batang bawah. Penelitian bertujuan mengetahui pertumbuhan batang bawah dan keberhasilan okulasi hijau tanaman karet pada beberapa ukuran polybag dan komposisi media tumbuh. Pelaksanaan penelitian mulai bulan Januari sampai Desember 2013 di Kebun Percobaan Pakuwon, Kecamatan Parungkuda, Kabupaten Sukabumi, Jawa Barat. Penelitian menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok (RAK) faktorial dengan dua faktor dan 3 ulangan. Faktor petama adalah ukuran polybag yang terdiri dari tiga ukuran: (1) 30 ´ 20 cm, (2) 35 ´ 20 cm, dan (3) 40 ´ 20 cm. Faktor kedua adalah media tumbuh yang terdiri dari tanah dan pupuk kandang sapi dengan empat komposisi: (1) 1 : 0, (2) 3 : 1, (3) 2 : 1, dan (4) 1 : 1. Pengamatan dilakukan terhadap pertumbuhan bibit batang bawah pra okulasi, meliputi tinggi bibit, diameter bibit batang bawah, jumlah daun, dan persentase keberhasilan okulasi hijau. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan ukuran polybag berpengaruh positif terhadap pertumbuhan batang bawah tanaman karet umur 6 bulan setelah tanam. Semakin besar ukuran polybag (30 x 20–40 x 20 cm), semakin baik pertumbuhan batang bawah. Media tumbuh bibit yang terdiri dari tanah dengan pupuk kandang sapi dengan perbandingan 1 : 1 menghasilkan pertumbuhan batang bawah serta persentase keberhasilan okulasi hijau tanaman karet yang tertinggi. Tidak terdapat interaksi yang nyata antara ukuran polybag dengan media tumbuh terhadap pertumbuhan batang bawah dengan keberhasilan okulasi hijau.</p><p>Kata kunci: Hevea brasiliensis, polybag, media tumbuh, bibit batang bawah, okulasi hijau</p><p>Volume and type of growing media is important to support the growth of rubber seedling (Hevea brasiliensis) for rootstocks. The objective of this study was to determine the growth of rootstock and green budding success of rubber plants in different size of polybag and growing media. The research was carried out since January to December 2013 at the Pakuwon experimental garden, Parungkuda District, Sukabumi Regency, West Java. The study used a randomized block design (RBD) in factorial with two factors and three replications. The first factor is the sizes of polybag: (1) 30 ´ 20 cm, (2) 35 ´ 20 cm, and (3) 40 ´ 20 cm. Meanwhile, the second factor is the growing medium that consists of the mixture of soil and cow manure with 4 proportions: (1) 1 : 0, (2) 3 : 1, (3) 2 : 1, and (4) 1 : 1. Observations were made on the growth of pre-budding rootstock including seedling height, seedling diameter, number of leaves, and the success percentage of green budding. The results showed that the size of polybag has positive effect on the growth of the rubber seedling as rootstock at 6 months old after planting. Moreover, the use of large sizes of polybag (30 x 20–40 x 20 cm) was good for the growth of rootstocks that would be used for green budding. In addition, growing media that consisted of soil and cow manure at a comparison of 1 : 1 gave the highest effect on the growth of rootstock as well as the highest percentage of green budding success. However, there is no interaction between the size of polybag and growing media to the growth of rootstock and green budding success.</p>

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