Abstract
Poland’s accession to the European Union resulted in acceleration of the transformation of agriculture which followed the path of agriculture development of economically developed countries. This transformation consists in a decrease in the number of farms, a drop in the share of agriculture in the social farm structure, but also a growth in the potential and production, land productivity, in particular farm labor productivity, while maintaining huge differentiation between farms. Analysis of the farm structure survey data carried out by the Statistics Poland between 2005 and 2016 points to speeding up the transformation of agriculture in Poland in the indicated direction. The analysis also enables to prepare a scenario of changes on family farms in the period up to 2030. When the scenario deviates from the desired direction – also under the influence of new circumstances – it is possible to take up policy actions to correct the scenario to some extent. The essence of these changes comes down not to the EU Common Agricultural Policy, but rather to national policies and also goes beyond the traditional scope of agricultural policy.
Highlights
The fundamental challenge faced by agriculture and the whole food system is to ensure food security, ecological security and social cohesion
The share of hired labour in total labour inputs (AWU) in the analysed population increased from 3.8% in 2005 to 7.3% in 2016
In 2005-2016, the number of farms where hired labour force dominated, decreased by 28% and their share of the total number of analysed farms decreased from 1.8% to 1.6%, while the share of such farms in utilised agricultural area increased from 6.4% to 8.6% while the level of hiring increased 2.5 times, with permanent hiring increasing as many as 4.9 times and seasonal hiring increasing by only 4%
Summary
Józef Stanisław Zegar despite the ambiguity or undetermined boundaries of these concepts, in particular, the sustainable development concept. The period of the last 300 years has resulted in enormous changes in those farms in the countries which are currently well-developed economically This was stimulated by the development of capitalism, which created conditions for revolutionary transformations of agriculture. New developmental conditions change the standpoint on the versatility of the way in which family farming is transformed, synthetically included in the metaphor “from peasant to farmer and agricultural businessman”, perfectly illustrated by Tomczak (2005)5 This path, in the case of less developed countries, is questioned, as the historical. In terms of economic development, Poland has achieved the status of a well-developed country which does not correspond to a relatively large number of small family farms dominant in agriculture This is a historical legacy whose causes are known (Zegar, 2018a). Type D farms are disappearing while the destiny of type C farms is determined by cultural factors and alternative food systems
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