Abstract
Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a chronic respiratory disease of preterm infants, associated with high morbidity and hospitalization expenses. With the revolutionary advances in microbiological analysis technology, increasing evidence indicates that children with BPD are affected by lung microbiota dysbiosis, which may be related to the illness occurrence and progression. However, dysbiosis treatment in BPD patients has not been fully investigated. Probiotics are living microorganisms known to improve human health for their anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor effects, and particularly by balancing gut microbiota composition, which promotes gut-lung axis recovery. The aim of the present review is to examine current evidence of lung microbiota dysbiosis and explore potential applications of probiotics in BPD, which may provide new insights into treatment strategies of this disease.
Highlights
For more than 50 years, the definition, epidemiology, pathophysiology, and pathogenesis of Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) have been continuously updated [1,2,3,4]
The term probiotics derived from a Greek meaning “for life” [7], was coined by Lilly and Stillwell [8] in 1965, and described microorganisms with potential to release growth-promoting factors
In 2002, the FAO/WHO defined probiotics as “live microorganisms which when administered in adequate amounts confer a health benefit on the host,” but in 2013, The International Scientific Association for Probiotics and Prebiotics reached a consensus on modifying the concept to “live microorganisms that, when administered in adequate amounts, confer a health benefit on the host,” including microbial species that have been shown to confer health benefits in controlled studies, and new commensal and consortium strains from human samples, with evidence of safety and efficacy [9]
Summary
Specialty section: This article was submitted to Neonatology, a section of the journal Frontiers in Pediatrics. Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a chronic respiratory disease of preterm infants, associated with high morbidity and hospitalization expenses. With the revolutionary advances in microbiological analysis technology, increasing evidence indicates that children with BPD are affected by lung microbiota dysbiosis, which may be related to the illness occurrence and progression. Dysbiosis treatment in BPD patients has not been fully investigated. Probiotics are living microorganisms known to improve human health for their anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor effects, and by balancing gut microbiota composition, which promotes gut-lung axis recovery. The aim of the present review is to examine current evidence of lung microbiota dysbiosis and explore potential applications of probiotics in BPD, which may provide new insights into treatment strategies of this disease
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