Clinical analysis of the early extrapulmonary complications in preterm infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia

Abstract

Objective To clinically analyze the incidence of early extrapulmonary complications in premature infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia(BPD), including periventricular intraventricular hemorrhage(PVH-IVH), white matter injury(WMI), parenteral nutrition associated cholestasis(PNAC) and metabolic bone disease(MBD), in order to direct the prevention and monitoring of these complications in BPD patients. Methods The clinical data of premature infants who were admitted to the neonatal department between September 2014 and December 2015 was retrospectively analyzed.A total of 87 premature infants diagnosed with BPD were studied as BPD group, while other 90 premature infants without BPD who were hospitalized at the same time were randomly selected as non BPD group.The occurrence of several common extrapulmonary complications was compared between two groups, including PVH-IVH, WMI, PNAC and MBD. Results The incidence of PVH-IVH in BPD group increased compared with non BPD group[(26.4%(23/87) vs.11.1%(10/90)] (P 0.05). The incidence of WMI in BPD group was much higher than that in non BPD group[33.3%(29/87) vs.16.7%(15/90)] (P<0.05), especially periventricular leukomalacia, the severe type of WMI, was more often found in BPD group than that in non BPD group[13.7%(12/87) vs.2.2%(2/90)](P<0.05). The incidences of PNAC[22.9%(20/87) vs.5.5%(5/90)], MBD[17.2%(15/87) vs.3.3%(3/90)] and MBD with imaging changes[6.9%(6/87) vs.0] were all higher in BPD group compared with non BPD group, with significant differences between the two groups (P<0.05). Conclusion BPD patients are more likely to have early extrapulmonary complications like PVH-IVH, WMI, PNAC and MBD than other preterm infants.It is crucial to prevent these complications reasonably and monitor them regularly for the BPD patients in order to improve the quality of life. Key words: Bronchopulmonary dysplasia; Extrapulmonary complication; Periventricular intraventricular hemorrhage; White matter injury; Parenteral nutrition associated cholestasis; Metabolic bone disease