Abstract
Due to the continuous increase in the use of fossil fuel, India and the world are facing the daunting prospect of a changed climate. A major consumer of fossil fuel-based energy is the diesel and electric water pumps used for irrigation in India. Almost 45 million tones of CO2 is added to the atmosphere by using diesel and electric water pumps annually, which is equivalent to 8%–12% of the total greenhouse gas emissions. To mitigate these challenges, the Indian government has launched a solar pumping program for irrigation and drinking water for installation of 0.1 million Solar Photovoltaic Water Pump (SPVWP) in 2014–2015 with an ambitious target of 1 million till 2020–2021 because of its proven advantages worldwide. Despite all these facts, the growth and development of SPVWP are of substandard. Therefore, this article analyzed in detail the government policies and support system for the growth of SPVWP in India. It describes in brief the technology used and discusses in detail the opportunities for SPVWP development and current status of SPVWP in India and in the world. At the end, a robust analysis of the key barriers of SPVWP is done along with policy recommendations using causal loop diagram (CLD).
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