Abstract
Pakistan has remained an energy deficient country for the last few decades. The supply of electricity decreased in 2002-2007 against the exponentially increasing demand in Pakistan. In the meantime, severe load shedding was started across Pakistan that negatively affected the economic growth of the country. More than 63% of the population in rural areas live without electricity. The government cut down electricity supply eight to twelve hours per day in terms of load shedding that adversely affects the living standards and economic growth of the nation. In the world, Pakistan stands on 133 regarding ranking in energy consumption. Energy usage per capita in Pakistan is 482 kilograms of oil equivalent per year (kgoe/a) which is very low when compared with the industrialized countries. Besides that Pakistan strongly adheres with non-renewable energy options to mollify its energy demand. The import of fossil fuels to meet energy demand adversely affects the economy of Pakistan. This review helps in the identification of indigenous available biomass resources and their conversion processes for power production to improve power generation, living standards and economy of the country. The application of indigenous biomass resources for electricity generation will reduce the pressure caused by increased demand for energy.
Highlights
1.1 Current Scenario of Energy Shortage and Alternative SourcesFossil energy dominates the supply of energy anywhere in the world and it is depleting, as every nation requires energy to fortify its development and prosperity and for enhancing the plight of common people [1]
Large quantities of agricultural waste, municipal solid waste, forest waste are produced in Pakistan and wasted every year that can be burnt with fossil fuels feedstock for power production
As Pakistan is an agricultural country and possesses livestock waste, agricultural waste, forest waste, municipal solid waste is underutilized and wasted in million tons every year that could be used for power production
Summary
Fossil energy dominates the supply of energy anywhere in the world and it is depleting, as every nation requires energy to fortify its development and prosperity and for enhancing the plight of common people [1]. The energy released from the consumption of fossil fuels is generally categorized as non-renewable energy. These sources are very limited and expensive for energy production and will end up in the coming. The percent share in power generation by different companies in Pakistan, WAPDA is providing the maximum share of energy 41.5%, followed by IPPs, 19.8%, KESC, 8.7%, KAPCO, 6.6%, HUBCO, 6.3%, Fig. 5: Energy use per capita in different countries [17]. The government of Pakistan is determined to take major decisions to ensure the persistent supply of energy by pursuing strategies of increasing sustainable energy resources within the country and attracting foreign investment in the energy sector.
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