Abstract
ABSTRACTBackground: School health curricula should help students choose health goals related to the Dietary Guidelines (DG) recommendations addressing obesity. We aimed to identify characteristics associated with choice of DG recommendation items.Methods: In 12 HealthCorps affiliated high schools, students completed a 19-item web-based questionnaire that provided a personalized health-behavior feedback report to guide setting SMART (Specific, Measurable, Action-oriented, Realistic, Time-bound) goals. We examined if gender, weight-status, and personalized feedback report messages were related to student-selected SMART Goals.Results: The most frequent SMART Goals focused on breakfast (22.4%), physical activity (21.1%), and sugary beverages (20.4%). Students were more likely to choose a SMART goal related to breakfast, sugary beverages, fruit/vegetable intake or physical activity if their feedback report suggested that health behavior was problematic (p < 0.0001). Males were more likely than females to set sugary beverage goals (p < 0.05). Females tended to be more likely than males to set breakfast goals (p = 0.051). Students, who had obesity, were more likely than normal weight students to set physical activity goals (p < 0.05).Conclusion: SMART goals choice was associated with gender and weight status. SMART goal planning with a web-based questionnaire and personalized feedback report appears to help students develop goals related to the Dietary Guidelines recommendations.Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02277496.
Highlights
United States (US) Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) reports indicate that 20.6% of 12–19 year-olds have obesity (CDC 2017)
The most frequently chosen SMART goals were related to Dietary Guidelines (DG) recommendations that focused on eating breakfast, increasing physical activity and decreasing intake of sugary beverages
It is notable that selecting a SMART goal related to breakfast, sugary beverages, physical activity, or fruit/vegetable intake was associated with receiving “negative” feedback related to the corresponding DGs behavior
Summary
US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) reports indicate that 20.6% of 12–19 year-olds have obesity (CDC 2017). Locke and Latham postulated that effective goals are those that select a specific intent, have clear action plans, and are challenging (Locke and Latham 2002) This premise set the framework for the frequently used SMART acronym (Specific, Measurable, Action-oriented, Realistic, Time-bound). Methods: In 12 HealthCorps affiliated high schools, students completed a 19item web-based questionnaire that provided a personalized health-behavior feedback report to guide setting SMART (Specific, Measurable, Action-oriented, Realistic, Time-bound) goals. Students were more likely to choose a SMART goal related to breakfast, sugary beverages, fruit/vegetable intake or physical activity if their feedback report suggested that health behavior was problematic (p < 0.0001). SMART goal planning with a web-based questionnaire and personalized feedback report appears to help students develop goals related to the Dietary Guidelines recommendations
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